Latin Recommended Basic Vocabulary


Verbs and Related Words: Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject

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Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject
English Latin
chiefly, above all potissimum
burn, glow, desire, be in love ardeo, arsi, arsus
steep, difficult arduus
merit, deserve mereo, merui, meritus
about to be, the future futurus
be over and above, survive, remain supersum, superesse, superfui
moon luna
sleep dormio, dormivi, dormitus
be lacking desum, deesse, defui
increase, grow cresco, crevi, cretus
be without, lack, miss, want careo, carui, cariturus
spirit, breath spiritus
burn up uro, ussi, ustus
likeness, portrait, statue simulacrum
shine, sparkle, vibrate mico, micui
green viridis
powerful potens, potent-
bright, clear, lucid lucidus
spare, be moderate or frugal parco, peperei or parsi, parsus
power potestas, potestat-
able potis
be away, be absent absum, abesse, abfui (or afui), afuturus
shine, lightning fulgeo, fulsi
be open, be clear, extend pateo, patui
alive, lively vivus
make like, represent, feign, simulate simulo, -avi, -atus
preferable, rather potior, potius
be sum, esse, fui, futurus
breathe, blow, inspire spiro, -avi, -atus
shining, handsome, polished nitidus
be green, vigorous, youthful vireo
thunderbolt fulmen, fulmin-
arise, come into existence exsisto, (or existo), exstiti, exstitus
be pale palleo, pallui
light lux, luc-
live, be alive vivo, vixi, victus
banquet, feast convivium
be useful or advantageous to, profit prosum, prodesse, profui
shine, be brilliant, be sleek niteo, nitui
power potentia
light lumen, lumin-
cause to increase, strengthen augeo, auxi, auctus
abound, overflow abundo, -avi, -atus
be empty, be free of, be at leisure vaco, -avi, -atus
be present adsum, adesse, affui (or adfui)
heat, ardor ardor
be red, blush rubeo, rubui
be without, be in need, be poor egeo, egui
be born, spring from, arise nascor, natus (dep)
empty, free from, unoccupied vacuus
be bright, be daylight, be clear or evident luceo, luxi
imitate, copy imitor, imitatus (dep)
offspring, child natus
be able, can possum, posse, potui



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