Latin Recommended Basic Vocabulary


Verbs and Related Words: Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject

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Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject
English Latin
thunderbolt fulmen, fulmin-
be present adsum, adesse, affui (or adfui)
be open, be clear, extend pateo, patui
green viridis
spirit, breath spiritus
be without, lack, miss, want careo, carui, cariturus
sleep dormio, dormivi, dormitus
increase, grow cresco, crevi, cretus
able potis
powerful potens, potent-
arise, come into existence exsisto, (or existo), exstiti, exstitus
burn up uro, ussi, ustus
be born, spring from, arise nascor, natus (dep)
live, be alive vivo, vixi, victus
be away, be absent absum, abesse, abfui (or afui), afuturus
shining, handsome, polished nitidus
be over and above, survive, remain supersum, superesse, superfui
imitate, copy imitor, imitatus (dep)
be lacking desum, deesse, defui
shine, sparkle, vibrate mico, micui
moon luna
shine, lightning fulgeo, fulsi
power potentia
spare, be moderate or frugal parco, peperei or parsi, parsus
likeness, portrait, statue simulacrum
be bright, be daylight, be clear or evident luceo, luxi
be red, blush rubeo, rubui
shine, be brilliant, be sleek niteo, nitui
be without, be in need, be poor egeo, egui
merit, deserve mereo, merui, meritus
burn, glow, desire, be in love ardeo, arsi, arsus
power potestas, potestat-
light lux, luc-
cause to increase, strengthen augeo, auxi, auctus
be green, vigorous, youthful vireo
make like, represent, feign, simulate simulo, -avi, -atus
chiefly, above all potissimum
breathe, blow, inspire spiro, -avi, -atus
be empty, be free of, be at leisure vaco, -avi, -atus
be useful or advantageous to, profit prosum, prodesse, profui
empty, free from, unoccupied vacuus
bright, clear, lucid lucidus
be able, can possum, posse, potui
banquet, feast convivium
steep, difficult arduus
be pale palleo, pallui
light lumen, lumin-
abound, overflow abundo, -avi, -atus
heat, ardor ardor
be sum, esse, fui, futurus
about to be, the future futurus
offspring, child natus
preferable, rather potior, potius
alive, lively vivus



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