Latin Recommended Basic Vocabulary


Verbs and Related Words: Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject

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Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject
Latin English
vaco, -avi, -atus be empty, be free of, be at leisure
careo, carui, cariturus be without, lack, miss, want
cresco, crevi, cretus increase, grow
rubeo, rubui be red, blush
fulmen, fulmin- thunderbolt
arduus steep, difficult
natus offspring, child
abundo, -avi, -atus abound, overflow
vivo, vixi, victus live, be alive
vacuus empty, free from, unoccupied
uro, ussi, ustus burn up
potior, potius preferable, rather
parco, peperei or parsi, parsus spare, be moderate or frugal
convivium banquet, feast
prosum, prodesse, profui be useful or advantageous to, profit
vivus alive, lively
lumen, lumin- light
ardor heat, ardor
potestas, potestat- power
egeo, egui be without, be in need, be poor
imitor, imitatus (dep) imitate, copy
supersum, superesse, superfui be over and above, survive, remain
possum, posse, potui be able, can
augeo, auxi, auctus cause to increase, strengthen
dormio, dormivi, dormitus sleep
lucidus bright, clear, lucid
potentia power
exsisto, (or existo), exstiti, exstitus arise, come into existence
potissimum chiefly, above all
adsum, adesse, affui (or adfui) be present
potens, potent- powerful
luceo, luxi be bright, be daylight, be clear or evident
futurus about to be, the future
vireo be green, vigorous, youthful
nascor, natus (dep) be born, spring from, arise
palleo, pallui be pale
ardeo, arsi, arsus burn, glow, desire, be in love
simulacrum likeness, portrait, statue
mico, micui shine, sparkle, vibrate
niteo, nitui shine, be brilliant, be sleek
fulgeo, fulsi shine, lightning
sum, esse, fui, futurus be
desum, deesse, defui be lacking
nitidus shining, handsome, polished
pateo, patui be open, be clear, extend
mereo, merui, meritus merit, deserve
viridis green
spiritus spirit, breath
absum, abesse, abfui (or afui), afuturus be away, be absent
luna moon
potis able
lux, luc- light
simulo, -avi, -atus make like, represent, feign, simulate
spiro, -avi, -atus breathe, blow, inspire



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Ed Donnelly